Re: Robots have souls.
Everything you said there is relating to cells though, and the definition of life as requiring cells. Not incorrect, but seems to be missing my point about the other criteria.
2. Obtain and use energy
This one is easy. They could burn organic matter as fuel, or even to harness as chemical energy the same way conventional life does. They could also draw energy from environmental sources such as the tides, wind, or solar. Rare elements could also provide various energy sources given the right environment.
3. Grow and develop
Either a sophisticated modular design (with new matter or components constructed internally of course), or more likely, advanced nano technology could allow this.
4. Reproduce without outside help
The concept of self replicating nanites is well known and theoretically sound, even if we haven't achieved it yet, it's generally a given thing. The proposals for nanotechnology go as far as including artificial DNA of sorts to allow units to allow racial variation and adaptation to simple environments/stimuli (To mimic real DNA's adaptive capabilities it would require far more complex design than proposed thus far, but the basis is the same, and it could be done.) it would require . Also it's perfectly reasonable for a robot to have a womb analogous "factory" for it's offspring.
5. Respond to their environment
We have robots and AI that do this already. Better AI does it better by the day. (Except AI team mates in gaming... >_> )
6. Adapt to their environment
See #4 regarding artificial DNA, and also perfectly possible. Variables in the "blueprints" for new offspring would result in the ability to passively adapt and develop racially, along with all the imperfections natural evolution normally brings. If the race had the ability to reconfigure their bodies in a more active manner, they could arguably adapt that way too.
I'll also note here that nothing says a robot has to be built out of metals and use electricity as fuel. Carbon is one of the foremost materials in nano-robotics, as are many "organic" materials. Being organic is just a state of construction, not a distinct form of matter. Any robot that could achieve all of these criteria is almost certain to have a rather organic appearance in the end. Don't go imagining something that looks like Wall-e.
And one more. Earths natural environment should not be considered the only possible habitat to define living things. Life from Earth would not survive on Jupiter or other distant planets. A robotic life form that relied on the specific natural resources there (for food or reproduction) however might thrive.